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For Many Young Adults, No Health Insurance, No Regular Doctor, USA
Approximately 5 million adults age 19 to 23 in the United States had no health insurance in 2006 for the entire year and 30 percent of them said they didn"t think it was worth the cost, according to the latest News and Numbers from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
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Swine Flu Has Struck 41 Countries, 11,034 Cases, Including 85 Deaths
The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that the number of swine flu A(H1N1) cases has risen to 11,034, while the total number of deaths has reached 85. All deaths have occurred in four countries: Mexico, USA, Canada and Costa Rica. Authorities in Mexico say that the spread of swine flu has dropped significantly. Health experts say it is still too early to predict which way this outbreak will go.
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Opinion Pieces Discuss Criticisms Of Supreme Court Nominee Sotomayor
Two opinion pieces recently responded to criticisms of Judge Sonia Sotomayor, President Obama"s nominee to the Supreme Court.~ Raina Kelley, Newsweek: The "discussions about whether ... Sotomayor was chosen just because she is a Hispanic woman drive me nuts," Newsweek columnist Kelley writes. She continues, "Yes, the fact that she"s a Latina makes a difference in what she brings to the bench, but let"s not overlook the fact that she"d be qualified for the job even if she were a white man." Citing Sotomayor"s experience as a Second Circuit Court of Appeals judge for more than a decade and her educational qualifications as a graduate of Princeton University and Yale Law School, Kelley writes that "we can assume that she has at least some of the appropriate skills to be a Supreme Court justice." She adds, "But when she sits down for those hearings in front of the cameras and the country, the lingering question will still be, "Did she get into all those great schools just because of her race?"" Kelley writes, "It"s infuriating to me that a woman as competent as Sotomayor will have to prove she deserves her nomination while a white-male colleague with the same resume can skip that step and go straight to his judicial philosophy." According to Kelley, "It is time for our hallowed institutions to look like the country" they serve. She notes that "white males have gotten the jobs over at the Supreme Court 96% of the time," concluding that "the assumption that they"re naturally the best candidate for everything, and we"re doing anyone else a favor if we give them a desirable job, is a bit much" (Kelley, Newsweek, 5/29).~ Kathleen Parker, Washington Post: "Even without the help of all those foot soldiers who blast out late-night memos, any sentient being could have predicted the reaction" last week to the nomination of Sotomayor, syndicated columnist Parker writes. She adds, "Within minutes" of the announcement, "a dozen other e-mails tumbled through the hatch enumerating all the reasons Sotomayor was a terrible pick: affirmative action, identity politics, the Ricci [v. DeStefano] case, double standards, racism, sexism." She continues, "Although her judicial record has raised some legitimate concerns, Sotomayor isn"t so easily characterized as the radical liberal that some on the right have suggested. She has ruled favorably toward abortion protesters and unfavorably toward minority plaintiffs." In reference to Sotomayor"s 2001 comments that her experiences as a Hispanic woman might help her reach a ""better conclusion than a white male who hasn"t lived that life,"" Parker asks, "Could a white man get away with saying something comparable about a Latina? Of course not. After Latinas have run the world for 2,000 years, they won"t be able to say it ever again either." Parker continues, "For now, the hot winds of punditry could use a little chill," concluding, "Calling Sotomayor a sexist and racist, far from being fair, is an irrational rush to judgment unbecoming ladies, gentlemen, scoundrels and scholars" (Parker, Washington Post, 5/31).
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No Evidence That Combined DTP-HBV-Hib Vaccine Works Better

There is no evidence that giving infants a combination vaccine for diphtheria (D), tetanus (T), pertussis (P), hepatitis B (HBV), and Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib) protects them as effectively as separate vaccines, according to the results of a new Cochrane review. Although the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends adding the Hib vaccination to the DTP-HBV vaccines, no data support this immunization practice, the review authors found. "Despite its use in accordance with the WHO recommendation in several countries, no systematic review of the effectiveness and safety of the combined vaccine is available. We decided to compare the outcomes from the combined vaccine and the separate injections for the combined vaccine"s suitability to be used in national immunization programs," said lead review author Edna Bar-On, Ph.D. "Combined vaccines, if they work well, have several potential advantages. These include the benefit of minimizing the number of injections and consequently patient discomfort. There"s also a potential savings in supplies, syringes and health care worker time," said Samir Shah, M.D., a pediatric infectious diseases physician at the Children"s Hospital of Pennsylvania. He had no connection with the review. Using data from 18 studies involving 10,374 children, Bar-On and her colleagues examined use of the DTP-HBV-Hib vaccine and the separate DTP-HBV and Hib. Two of the studies took place in the United States. The review appears in the latest issue of The Cochrane Library, a publication of The Cochrane Collaboration, an international organization that evaluates medical research. Systematic reviews like this one draw evidence-based conclusions about medical practice after considering both the content and quality of existing medical trials on a topic. "The results of this review should be viewed with caution, mostly as an indication that high-quality data are lacking," said Bar-On, of Rabin Medical Center in Petah-Tiqva, Israel. There was no difference between the combined vaccine and the separate vaccines regarding the immune response, although two large studies showed a lower level of immunization in the combined vaccine. These two studies changed the statistical analysis results, Bar-On said. In addition, some minor side effects, such as pain and redness around the injection site, were more common in children who received the combined vaccine, although the number of serious side effects was comparable between the combined and separate vaccines. "Although no difference was found between combined and separate vaccines in our adverse events meta-analysis, we cannot base conclusions upon nine studies with a relatively small sample of 4,932 participants," Bar-On said. "Since WHO has approved the regimen of a combination vaccine, it"s not unreasonable to use it if it facilitates administration and allows you to cover more people with the vaccine," Shah said. "Part of the risk-benefit analysis includes evaluating safety issues. In the studies reviewed here, there does not seem to be any difference in safety, so that"s a critical point," Shah said. "Ideally, what this study had hoped to address was whether the incidence of these diseases changes when using the combined vaccine. Unfortunately, none of the studies contained enough information to address that primary outcome," Shah said. There simply is not enough information to for a clear understanding of the benefits or the differences between the combination vaccine and the standalone Hib vaccine, Shah said. Anytime a new vaccine goes on the market, post-marketing surveillance is an important part of the safety process, Shah said. "One of the key parts of evaluating this vaccine is to monitor the immunization over time. That will give us a more clear picture of whether this is an optimal strategy." Currently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that infants receive an initial dose of HBV vaccine at birth, followed by a second dose at one to two months, and a third dose between six to 18 months. Children should get five doses of the DTaP vaccine, usually at two, four, six, and 15 to 18 months and four to six years. The dosage schedule for the Hib vaccine varies depending on the brand, but generally, children should be vaccinated at two, four, six, and 12 to 15 months of age. The study authors received support from Rabin Medical Center and the National Institute for Health Policy and Health Services Research, both in Israel. Health Behavior News Service


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