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British Medical Association Comment On Announcement On NHS Treatment Centres
The Department of Health announced that the terms offered to independent providers of treatment centres in the NHS in England will in future be more similar to those offered to NHS providers.
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10 Million H1N1 Vaccines Ordered By Australia
Reports are coming in that the government of Australia has placed an order for 10 million vaccines against the novel H1N1 swine flu virus, following a press briefing from Health Minister Nicola
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Health Subcommittee Considers Bill To Eliminate Pre-Emption For Medical Devices
The House Energy and Commerce Health Subcommittee on Tuesday heard testimony on the Medical Device Safety Act of 2009 (HR 1346), which would allow consumers to sue medical device manufacturers in state courts, CQ HealthBeat reports. The bill responds to last year"s Supreme Court ruling that says medical devices with FDA pre-marketing approval can be pre-empted from lawsuits under state law, in accordance with the Medical Device Amendments of 1976. Rep. Frank Pallone (D-N.Y.), who introduced the bill, said that the 2008 Supreme Court ruling "ignor[ed] congressional intent" by providing blanket immunity for medical device makers. According to Rep. John Dingell (D-Mich.), a co-sponsor of the bill, the original 1976 law sought to grant regulatory authority to FDA for medical devices, but it did not aim to eliminate state liability. Committee Chair Rep. Henry Waxman (D-Calif.), another co-sponsor, said last year"s ruling already has caused 1,400 injury cases to be thrown out of court, adding that the threat of litigation provides manufacturers with additional safety incentives. David Vladeck -- a law professor at Georgetown University Law Center who testified at the hearing -- added that immunity from lawsuits "removes incentive to manufacturers to fix devices quickly and get defective devices off the market."Rep. Nathan Deal (R-Ga.) said the class of device that must obtain pre-marketing approval -- which includes pacemakers and replacement heart valves -- represents only 2% of all approved medical devices each year. Rep. Michael Burgess (R-Texas) added that the measure could create an inconsistent system that allows both FDA experts and jurors in various states to make decisions on medical device safety standards. In addition, Rep. Joe Pitts (R-Pa.) cautioned that the bill might encourage manufacturers to limit distribution of their devices to certain states (Kim, CQ HealthBeat, 5/13). Related Editorial
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Gene Findings Are Revealing Reasons For Neuroblastoma Risk

Two new studies from The Children"s Hospital of Philadelphia advance the search for genetic events that result in neuroblastoma, a puzzling, often-deadly type of childhood cancer. Originating in the peripheral nervous system, neuroblastoma is the most common solid cancer of early childhood and causes 15 percent of all childhood cancer deaths. "Only two years ago we had very little idea of what causes neuroblastoma," said study leader John M. Maris, M.D., chief of Oncology and director of the Cancer Center at The Children"s Hospital of Philadelphia. "Now we have unlocked a lot of the mystery of why neuroblastoma arises in some children and not in others." In the largest gene study to date in pediatric oncology, Maris"s study team performed a genome-wide association study to discover that common variants in the gene BARD1 increase a child"s susceptibility to a high-risk form of neuroblastoma. A second genome-wide study found that a copy number variation (CNV) a missing stretch of DNA along a structurally weak location on chromosome 1 plays an important role in the development of neuroblastoma. Although CNVs have received much attention from genetics researchers over the last several years, this study was the first example of a specific CNV that predisposes people to cancer. The BARD1 study was published online in Nature Genetics on May 3, while the CNV study appears in tomorrow"s issue of Nature. The researchers made use of highly automated gene-analyzing technology at the Center for Applied Genomics at Children"s Hospital, directed by Hakon Hakonarson, M.D., Ph.D., a co-author of both studies. They used specimens collected from around the world through the Children"s Oncology Group. The BARD1 gene had already attracted attention from oncology researchers because it is associated with the gene BRCA1, which was the first discovered familial breast cancer gene. "Researchers have suspected that variants in BARD1 also increased the risk of breast cancer, but no one has found compelling evidence of this," said Maris. "Instead, surprisingly, our genome-wide association studies found that BARD1 is a susceptibility gene for neuroblastoma, and perhaps other cancers as well." Maris added that researchers are now working to understand the mechanism by which BARD1 gene variants act on developing nervous system cells to give rise to cancer during fetal or early childhood development. Maris"s second study, spearheaded by Dr. Sharon Diskin, also of The Children"s Hospital of Philadelphia, found that an inherited CNV located at chromosome 1q21.1 is associated with neuroblastoma. The chromosome region contains a large family of genes that are involved in the development of the nervous system, and the CNV they discovered changes how much of one particular gene is made within normal nerve and neuroblastoma cells. This study, Maris added, opens up a new area for studying the mechanisms of how CNVs may increase the risk of cancer. The current findings build on 2008 studies by Maris"s lab, one identifying the ALK gene as the major gene predisposing patients to the rare familial form of neuroblastoma, and the other identifying a region of chromosome 6 that increases the risk of the nonhereditary form of the disease. The ALK gene discovery has already led to a clinical trial led by Dr. Yael Mosse of The Children"s Hospital of Philadelphia. As gene studies continue to better define the genetic landscape of neuroblastoma, added Maris, pediatric oncologists can better develop more precise targeted treatments to improve survival and quality of life for children with this complex disease. The Cancer Center at Children"s Hospital has one of the nation"s largest research and clinical programs in pediatric oncology. DNA samples for both studies were provided by the Children"s Oncology Group, a multicenter collaborative research organization in which Maris chairs the committee overseeing basic and clinical research in neuroblastoma. A variety of funding s supported both studies, including the National Institutes of Health, the Alex"s Lemonade Stand Foundation, the Evan Dunbar Foundation, the Rally Foundation, the Andrew"s Army Foundation, the Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and the Giulio D"Angio Endowed Chair. Maris is also on the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. Scientists from six other centers in addition to Children"s Hospital and the University of Pennsylvania contributed to the discovery or replication of the findings. Children"s Hospital of Philadelphia


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